Absolute:
Alcoholic
extraction of a concrete to remove waxes and most odorless materials, producing
an alcohol-soluble liquid or semi-liquid oil.
ArispiceTM:
Oleoresin
or HydrospiceTM
plated on a dry carrier.
Balsam:
Water
insoluble, semi-solid or viscous, resinous exudate of trees and bushes similar
to gum resins.
Concrete:
Extraction
of fresh natural plant materials, usually with non-polar organic solvents (e.g.
hexane) which yield, after removal of the solvent
by vacuum
distillation, a solid or semi-solid wax.
Distillation
(Fractional):
A
heat-dependent process for separation and purification of a liquid mixture based
on differences in vapor pressure of components of the
mixture. The process
involves vaporization of the more volatile component(s)
and then
condensation of the vapor back to a liquid.
Essence
Oil:
An oil
collected in the water distillate during the production and concentration of
fruit juices. Upon separation
from the water, the
remaining oil contains the highly volatile top notes of natural juice.
Expression:
A production method
used to obtain citrus oils and fruit juices. The expressed or cold pressed
essential oils are
obtained from the peels of the fruits. Expression yields essential oils which
can contain a certain amount
of non-volatile
material. Juices are produced by expression of fruit itself, often concentrated.
Extraction:
A process of
treating a natural raw material with an organic solvent. The solvent portion
containing the extracted
material is filtered
and the solvent removed. The extract will contain non-volatile as well as
volatile components.
Oleoresins,
resinoids, concretes, and absolutes are all produced by extraction.
Exudate:
Non-cellular,
natural raw material that is secreted by plants, either spontaneously or after
wounding. Examples
- Balsam Peru, Balsam Copaiba, etc.
Fixative:
The material
which slows down the rate of evaporation of the more volatile components in a
perfume composition.
Folded Oil:
An essential oil
which is concentrated by distillation. Example - removal of terpenes from citrus
oils.
Gum:
A water soluble
exudate consisting mainly of polysaccharides and used principally as a thickener
and as a spray-dried
carrier in the manufacture of water soluble fragrance and flavor compounds
(Gum Arabic, Agar,
etc.).
Gum Resin Absolute:
Oil soluble,
purified exudate consisting mostly of resinous constituents, gums and small
amounts of volatile components (Myrrh, Galbanum, Opoponax).
HydrospiceTM:
Water
dispersible form of an oleoresin.
Isolate:
Separation of an
aroma chemical from an essential oil via distillation (mechanically) or
hydrolysis (chemically), or by other partitioning methods. Example - Eugenol ex
Clove Leaf.
Natural:
Contains all
natural ingredients.
Natural &
Artificial:
Contains natural and
artificial ingredients.
Nature Identical:
A component, natural
or artificial, which has chemical structure identical to that found in nature.
Oleoresin:
Extraction,
usually of natural spice or flavoring materials, using selected solvent to
remove the vital components. An oleoresin will contain the essential oil plus
other important non-volatile components which characterize the flavor, color and
other aspects of the starting raw material.
Rectification:
A second
distillation of an essential oil to remove color, water, resinous matter and
perhaps unwanted top and bottom notes.
Resinoid:
Solid or semi-solid
material, prepared from exudates by extraction and purification with a solvent.
These products are similar to concretes, except that the starting materials are
not previously live, cellular tissue.
Resin:
This group of
exudates includes both gums and balsams. They are water insoluble, solid or
semi-solid, and formed in nature by the oxidation of terpenes.
Sesquiterpeneless:
Essential oils
which have had the sesquiterpenic hydrocarbons partially or completely removed
to:
a) improve solubility in diluted alcohol or food grade solvents,
b) improve odor and flavor of the essential oil,
c) lift the overall fragrance and flavor, since sesquiterpenes have a fixative
effect.
Terpene:
Fraction of an
essential oil consisting mainly of hydrocarbons, obtained as a byproduct
from either concentration or distillation of the oil.
Terpeneless:
Complete or partial
removal of monoterpenic hydrocarbons by distillation of an essential oil to:
a) improve solubility in diluted alcohol or food grade solvents,
b) increase stability of the oil and prevent the appearance of rancid notes.
Tincture:
An alcoholic
extraction with the solvent left in as a diluent.
Water
Miscible/Dispersible:
Can be uniformly
mixed with water.
Water Soluble:
Can be dissolved in
water.
WONF:
An essential oil or
flavor with other natural flavors added to enhance specific notes.
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